Adobe Youth Voices Literature Review

Contributing Organization(s): Education Development Center


Author(s)/Creator(s): Sophia Mansori; Laura Jeffers; Leslie Goodyear; Haejung Chung

Publishing Date: 2006-11-01

Issue Areas: Media; Education and Literacy; Computers and Technology

Ownership/Rights Info: Copyright 2006 Education Development Center. All rights reserved.

File info: 36 pages; 914.71 KB file size

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Education Development Center, Inc. (EDC) received a grant from Adobe to conduct an evaluation of the Adobe Youth Voices (AYV) program. As part of the evaluation, EDC conducted a review of relevant literature to situate AYV in a broader context, provide stakeholders with a framework for understanding goals and outcomes, and frame and inform the evaluation questions. EDC reviewed scholarly articles, program reports and evaluations, and research studies that addressed youth media programs, youth development, teacher professional development, and other areas related to AYV's goals.

Among the findings, the literature review includes 6 key points that speak to the AYV program:

1. The goals of youth media programs most commonly cited can be grouped into several categories:
  • Youth voice -- the capacity for self-expression
  • Youth development -- the process of developing the skills and personal attributes that enable young people to become successful adults
  • Media literacy -- the ability to analyze, evaluate and produce information in a variety of media forms
  • Skill development -- such as communication, critical thinking, technology, and media production skills
  • Social action or civic engagement


2. Outcomes and impacts on participants of youth media programs commonly found in the literature include:
  • Improved skills
  • Improved community perception of youth
  • Positive youth development
  • Increased social action and civic engagement


3. Outcomes and impacts on participants of youth development programs frequently cited include:


  • Improved communication, critical thinking, and related skills
  • Increased self-esteem
  • More positive attitudes towards school and their futures


4. There is broad agreement that traditional educational approaches do not adequately address 21st century skills. Education must adapt to be more compatible with the ways in which young people think and learn, as well as the tools and media that are part of their environment.

5. Student engagement in education has been associated with positive youth development and 21st century skills. Engaging instruction often includes inquiry- or project-based, multidisciplinary, and authentic learning activities.

6. Educator professional development is believed to be a key step toward improving student outcomes. While there is little research that can demonstrate this connection, there is new focus on evaluating the effectiveness of professional development activities. Elements of effective professional development include learning communities and collaboration, ongoing support and assistance, and active or applied learning.

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Intended Audience: Advocates; General Public; Researchers; Teachers-middle school; Teachers-high school

Type/Format: Whitepaper

Language code: English

Comment & Review

Vague but somewhat interesting information
Posted by: Research_Reviewer on Mon, 26 Jan 09 19:16:53 +0000
The Literature Review mostly tells what things are in a broad sense rather than in a deeper meaning and critical thinking kind of way.

Beginning of the paper, its nice that starting the year, it is nicely written of the events done prior to the start of the program and how it sees it to improve. On page eight, the last sentence of the first paragraph illustrates a very good point about the influence on young people’s lives. Along the bullet points on that page, I am curious as to what kind of programs have reported changes in adults’ attitudes toward the youth. Page 10 is kind of vague and confusing to understand. The model graphic shown is a good way to see what concerns the media and youth but it does not portray or perhaps illustrate how the youth has progressed or improved post the programs and activities. Are there any examples or comments?

On page 11, Youth development, what are the principles that are recognized for helping young people reach their goals? The examples illustrated are a good point in portraying the institutions and programs they convey to the youth. As for page 12, one sentence tells of a “school based programs where the youth development portion tends to occur during non-school hours” which is vague to understand whether the programs are voluntary or not.  Page 13 illustrates participants in programs conveyed to gain an understanding that can help them deal with some of the negative issues young adults face. Though, it is hard to conclude what it really means, progress? As in the academics, what percentage did not result in better grades or test scores? As to the last sentence of that same paragraph, you have illustrated a good point about the way a greater asset number of young adults and the influential of it to progress to a higher GPA results.

The note about after-school programs on page 15 does not really address in what program they are before engaging into any research findings. How do these programs correlate to youth voices? Which of these is the best evaluator towards the youth?

On the topic of 21st century skills in education, what are the traditional educational approaches? Aren’t basic skills the foundation to a young persons education, such as basic math and reading, rather than knowing computer skills first?

Also, on all the pages of the report, I saw National Research Council as the sole source of the information here. I mean, there are many other sources out there, why is it that this source is the most important one or the most trusted one among other sources? The rest of the paper is good evaluator of the approaches and programs conveyed.


Great findings, unsure about conclusions
Posted by: cassidy on Wed, 11 Jun 08 22:38:55 +0000

I think these are very interesting, although not terribly surprising findings.

One thing that I wonder about is the conclusion that teachers need more professional development in order to support students' acquisition of 21st Century Skills (http://www.21stcenturyskills.org). In the context of NCLB, teachers have quite a bit to attend to as it is, so to me it seems unreasonable to expect more considering that they are already asked to attend to content, habits of mind, study skills, leadership skills, etc., etc. And, they are horribly underpaid to boot [*stepping off soapbox*]

Instead, why not train students as facilitators? If the whole point is to develop students' 21st Century Skills, then that would be a perfect way to do it. (Note: There are youth organizations already doing exactly this, such as the MOUSE squad. Perhaps more funding ought to be provided for these types of programs...?)


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